The Downfalls of Egalitarianism and Television - 964 Words

What would actually happen if everyone was forced to be equal? Kurt Vonnegut envisioned the fatal outcome in his masterpiece, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron.† The story illustrates â€Å"what would happen if a government or some other power takes this notion serious† (Mowery). The protagonist, Harrison, who is arrest for â€Å"exuberant individuality,† escapes from prison and goes on national television station to declare himself emperor, only later to be killed by the handicap general Diane Moon. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† Kurt Vonnegut satirizes the movement toward egalitarianism and the effect of television on people. Egalitarianism can be absurd and detrimental to American society. In the story, heavy weights are put on strong people, and grotesque masks†¦show more content†¦Literary Critic, Newton Minow, called television a vast wasteland of destructive or meaningless programs. Minow claimed that â€Å"instead of challenging people to think, tel evision programming was making it easier for people to avoid serious thought† (Hist. text). The uses of television desensitize Harrison’s Mother, Hazel. Although, she did shed a tear when she witnesses her son being murder on television, she said, â€Å"I forgot, it was something real sad on television† (10). Hazel becomes so numb from watching television; she forgot what she was crying about (Alvarez). In addition, one may determine that Hazel has attention deficit disorder because she is not to focus on anything (Themes and cons.). According to Karen Wood, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron concerns with technological problems only as these problems express and explicate character- the character of the human race† (Wood). In summary, the people gave up their individuality for the â€Å"good† of society of being equal. Vonnegut’s real point behind â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is a serious attack on the idea of enforced equality (Mowery). At the end of the story, Vonnegut proposes that no government is capable of suppressing the individual completely. Rather, the inner strength of human nature at its finest is more powerful that ill-conceived laws (Mowery). In a criticism, Stanley Schatt describes the death of Harrison as, â€Å"the lost beauty, grace, and wisdom.† In summary, Today American society can benefit fromShow MoreRelatedThe Downfalls of Egalitarianism and Television989 Words   |  4 Pages(Mowery). The protagonist, Harrison, who is arrest for â€Å"exuberant individuality,† escapes from prison and goes on a national television station to declare himself emperor, only later to be killed by the handicap general Diane Moon. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† Kurt Vonnegut satirizes the movement toward egalitarianism and the effect of television on people. Egalitarianism can be absurd and detrimental to American society. In the story, heavy weights are put on strong people, and grotesque masks areRead MoreMikahil Gorbachev: A Brief Biography Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesin this country.† Gorbachev also recognized that in order for the Soviet Union to successfully form international joint ventures and global standards, all sensitive employment issues that had been previously ignored had to be addressed. The egalitarianism of the Communist theory needed to be challenged, and uniformity of income regardless of performance had to end. Incentives were necessary in order to motivate worker competition in a fair environment. Therefore, Gorbachev initiated a wage reformRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesspending reached a colossal $4.5bn by 2006. Companies recognised that well-informed patients were prepared to ask for drugs by name, creating a powerful ‘pull’ strategy (see Box 3). DTC was costly because of the vast target audience and expensive television advertising. It also required new marketing skills – both Pï ¬ zer and Novartis employed consumer marketers. DTC rendered drug advertising much more visible an d, combined with high-proï ¬ le safety alerts, risked creating a backlash against the industryRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesdecisions? Why or why not? CASE INCIDENT 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† of successful Swedish organizations revealed that MBWA was an approach common to several firms that received national awards for being great places to work. The popular television program Undercover Boss took MBWA to the next level by having top executives from companies like Chiquita Brands, DirectTV, Great Wolf Resorts, and NASCAR work incognito among line employees. Executives reported that this process taught them howRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagescalories during an eighthour day. That is fewer calories than are contained in the typical lunch of a hamburger, french fries, and a milkshake. More than 90 million adults watch at least two hours of television per day (and, parenthetically, by the age of 6 children have spent more time watching television than they will spend speaking to their fathers over their entire lifetimes), so it is easy to predict the Table 2.7 Conï ¬ rmed Beneï ¬ ts of Regular Vigorous Exercise †¢ Blood pressure is lowered. †¢Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesplan. COMPANY PROFILE The company is the film division for a large entertainment conglomerate. The main office is located in Anaheim, California. In addition to the feature film division, the conglomerate includes theme parks, home videos, a television channel, interactive games, and theatrical productions. The company has been enjoying steady growth over the past 10 years. Last year total revenues increased by 12 percent to $21.2 billion. The company is engaged in negotiations to expand its theme

Public School Discipline At Columbine High School

schools. School administrators became increasingly concerned about drug use and gang activity among students, and dramatic events such as the shooting at Columbine High School further solidified fears about school safety. In response to these problems, many schools began implementing policies of exclusionary discipline, (Skiba Rausch, 2006). Such policies are generally based on the assumption that removing students from schools when they behave disruptively will create peaceful learning environments and deter others from engaging in similar patterns of conduct. However, frequent use of disciplinary removal from school is associated with a range of negative student outcomes, including ad increased contact with the juvenile justice system (Skiba, et al. 2008). (IN FAVOR OF EXCLUSIONARY). Such practices have long been embedded within the culture of public school discipline in the United States as a means to maintain safety and order in schools. Exclusionary Discipline Exclusionary discipline is loosely defined as any type of school disciplinary action that removes or excludes a student from his or her usual educational setting typically referring to suspension or expulsion (American Institutes for Research). Since the early 1990s, the national discourse on school discipline has been dominated by the philosophies of exclusionary discipline. Originally developed as an approach to drug enforcement (Skiba Rausch, 2006), the federal government passed the Gun Free SchoolsShow MoreRelatedThe Zero Tolerance Policies Is Defined As A School Policy That Mandates Uniform Consequences1747 Words   |  7 Pagespolices are defined as a school policy that mandates uniform consequences for specific offences. These predetermined punishments do not take into account any mitigating factors including the circumstances, disciplinary history, or the age of the student (Findlay, 2008, p. 112). This definition will be further examined later in this paper and the inhere nt flaws in the zero tolerance policy approach will be discussed. Zero tolerance policies stem from the notion that schools are seen to be too lenientRead MoreArmed Teachers: Superheroes of the Future?1364 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered outcasts, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, walked into Columbine High School in Colorado, opened fire and murdered twelve students, one teacher, while injuring twenty-four additional students before turning the gun on themselves. In 2007, Seung-Hui Choo, a senior at Virginia Tech, shot and killed thirty-two people and injured seventeen others, before turning the gun on himself. It was the deadliest mass shooting at a school in United States history. In 2012, Adam Lanza, shot and killedRead MoreAre Schools Safe? Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past decade school violence has been on the rise. 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This will include problems with 4th amendment protections of students, interviews and interrogations of juveniles, as well as, privacy issues expected by students and faculty. Other issues to be will also address two sociological theories, the Self Efficacy and the Modeling theory. I will also discuss how school discipline isRead MoreArgument Essay: Zero Tolerance Policy1597 Words   |  7 PagesChicken Finger Wars: A Discussion on School Zero Tolerance Policies On April 20, 1999, in the small town of Littleton, Colorado, two high-school students named Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris committed one of the most gruesome and heinous school shootings to date. They carried out a meticulously planned assault on Columbine High School during the middle of the school day. The boys original plan was to kill hundreds of their peers. Armed with guns, knives, and a multitude of bombs, the two boys

If Christopher Columbus Returned To The New World Essay Example For Students

If Christopher Columbus Returned To The ?New World Essay ? In The Year 2000 If Christopher Columbus Returned to the New World in the year 2000, what evidence of his discovery would he find? Christopher Columbus set sail August 3, 1492 in search for a new route to the West Indies. Sailing west from the Canaries, his ship was tossed around by trade winds, which ultimately guided his fleet off course. Due to his new route, Columbus came across land, which we know today as America. When Columbus arrived to the New World, he thought he had reached his required destination, the West Indies. Before setting sail to Spain, Columbus decided to leave 44 crewmembers in the new found land to start their own colony, which was successful. If Columbus was to return to the New World in the year 2000, I think he would be very surprised with our success. There are many pieces of evidence that express our thankfulness for his discovery. The name Columbus lives on in rivers, nations, and cities. One large piece of evidence is Columbus Day. On this day, we show our appreciation to Columbus for all his discoveries, how thankful we are for his discovery of the New World. This day is considered a national holiday in the United States, many major companies, factories, and schools are closed. Another major event that occurs in Columbus remembrance is the Columbus Day Parade. This is a parade that is held on Columbus Day in many different cities in honor of Christopher Columbus. Through this celebration we express how thankful we actually are. We show that he has a meaning in history, he is the explorer who was courageous, who was willing to risk his own life for his discovery, and when he could have turned back he didnt, and it is his name we honor. Besides holidays and parades, there are also landmarks that are named after Columbus. Like Columbus, Ohio, or Columbus, Georgia. These are just two of many landmarks named after him. Not only are there landmarks, there are also rivers named after him, such as the Columbus River, which people today know as the Scioto River. This river runs directly through the city of Columbus, and extends through Ohio into Kentucky and Indiana, then it eventually connects with the Ohio River. Many states have statues of Christopher Columbus centered within their cities. Americans look to Columbus as an explorer and a hero. He was the man who had enough courage to put his life, and the lives of others, in jeopardy. Many of his crew members didnt choose whether they wanted to sail with Columbus or not. Many felt that Columbus wasnt thinking about what could happen, but he was. He knew the worst possibilities, but he wanted to prove to everyone that he could do it, thats why he never gave up. A famous organization, called The Knights of Columbus, is another piece of evidence that Columbus would find if he ever returned to the New World. This is a Catholic organization that donates food and money to the needy. They hold food drives and soup kitchens; they also donate money to hospitals and to the sick. This organization also supplies children going to a Private School, or to college, with a scholarship. Not only do the Knights of Columbus help people in need, they also have festivities, which all people are welcomed to attend. The Knights of Columbus is an organization built to help people live and grow, as did Columbus himself by discovering a New World. By discovering America, Columbus opened many new doors to Europe. The Knights are trying to keep his tradition alive. They want to help people who are in need and have no one to turn to. .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 , .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .postImageUrl , .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 , .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183:hover , .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183:visited , .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183:active { border:0!important; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183:active , .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183 .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ed85896486551e756df2e07cba13183:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Benito Mussolini?s Rise And Fall To Power Essay They participate in the Catholic Church, as did Columbus. They make their organization known, they want to welcome all types of people and let them know that they care and they can help. In my eyes, Columbus was an extremely courageous man. He might have been scared, but he never once let it show. I feel that Columbus would be very pleased if he ever returned to the New World. All of the evidence he could find about his .

Resolved That colleges and universities have a mo Essay Example For Students

Resolved: That colleges and universities have a mo Essay Joeral obligation to prohibitthe public expression of hate speech on their campuses. Alexander, Larry. BANNING HATE SPEECH AND THE STICKS AND STONES DEFENSE. Constitutional Commentary. Spring, 1996In addressing this issue, I, like most of the scholars, shall take hate speech to mean epithets conventionally understood to be insulting references to characteristics such as race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion, and sexual preference. First, it is insulting, and insults are psychologically wounding and cause emotional distress. Second, it creates unequal opportunity in the school and workplace environments. Third, it silences those who are its targets, depriving them of their freedom of speech. Fourth, it offends by flouting social norms regarding proper verbal behavior. And, fifth, its expression is a speech act that shows disrespect for or even subordinates its targets. Look, labling something as subjective is not the same as saying it does not exist or is not important. There are documented studies, I assume, where the psychological effects of hate speech are shown. That may be subjective in so far as it will not effect everyone in the same way, but if you were to go around hitting people, it would hurt them each a little differently (the strong guys wouldnt be hurt, the old ladies might die). People are not alawys able to think perfectly rationally I know hes just an idiot if he calls me some bad name which Im not, but I still feel upset and I think an interesting angle to this is, how much different is hate crime from ordinary insults? If i call someone a stupid ignorant jerk is that really categorically different than calling someone a racial slur?I think the intent behind the speech is worth examining. For the stupid ignorant jerk i might just have been upset at them or clash with their personality. It is an individually directed attack (which I suppose is better?). But hate speech is taken from false stereotypical ideas about groups of people and intended to harm, opress, or in some way damage the targets simply because of their birth. Allright, thats all I will ramble about for now Challenging is different from banning. Banning merely allowsopinions to smolder and gain force over time. Banning also serves those who are in power. It so happens that today universityadministrations are typically liberal. The books or opinions that arebanned are called hate speech. Hate speech is defined asspeaking derogatorily against minorities. The danger, however, is thatuniversities may not always be dominated by this type of thinking. Perhaps speaking badly of capitalists will in the future be called hatespeech. Speaking in behalf of Marx will not only earn disdain, it maycall for punishment. Since opinions about revolution, class warfare,and the incorrigibe vices of capitalists have become banned opinions. The danger is not in what people say, or how they say it. The problem is the culture it helps to create. It becomes part of our socialization. For example, my mom has never seen a commercial or read a magazine article that said You should be afraid of all black people, yet, if shes walking down the street and a black person is coming in the other direction, her gut reaction is going to be to reach for her purse and hold on to it just a little tighter. Theres no logical reason for this, but she does it anyway. The danger with hate messages are the subliminal ones. Its the stereotypes that we learn and internalize without even realizing that were doing it. Then again, for some, there is still danger in the explicit hate speech as well. Take for instance, the attacks in Central Park.several of the attackers were video taped chanting lyrics to songs such as Like, woah, The Thong Song and Gangsta B. Try telling one of the over 50 women who were assualted that day that hate speech doesnt hurt anyone. Its just talk, NO one with any intelligence is advocating that the fact that somone is offended is the jutsifying condition for the limitation of hate speechFurthermore, theres no independent impact to the arguement: the affirmative is using pretty bright line standards of harm (working on the narrow assumption that oppression is a BAD THING) and the kind of subjective standards you decry are already employed in virtually every sexual harasment and discrimination case, all of which measue subjective mental states by reasonable man standards. Furthermore, its!become an almost incredibly stupid dogma among debaters that the marketplace of ideas is simply beyond reproach, requiring no kinds of outside conditions in order to be sustained. Try actually READING On Liberty. Mill says himself that the greatest danger to the free expression of ideas isnt censorship, but the way cultural conditions prevent us from listening to certain segments of our population. By defining censorship in the hopelessly narrow manner ofdirect suppression, we provide a linguistic mask for the very real patterns of exlusion that effectively remove minorities from our deliberation(i smell some discursive impacts, rights talk and critical race theory not being the least among them) . Im going to quickly tire of negatives devoting almost no critical thought to thier side of the debate, because they can simply regurgitate existing liberal doctrine. Since the posting of the new resolution there have been various definitions of the term hate speech. There seem to be two arguments emerging:1) The stock arguments that hate speech is hard to define., and2) The argumentation of lets define hate speech absurdly and critique the Like most LD debaters, I hate definitional debates. Therefore, I think that we should look to contextual definitons. Mari Matsuda, in Words that Wound, defines racist speech through three criteria: 1) the message itself suggests racial inferiority; 2) it is directed against a historically oppressed group; 3) the message is hateful, degrading, and persecutory in nature. Andrew Altman, in Campus Speech Codes, also defines hate speech as meeting three conditions: first, the speaker must intend to harm another individual based on specific characteristics (e.g., race, gender, sexual orientation); second, the speech must be directly addressed to the individual; and finally, the speech must convey hate or contempt for the individual at whom Id also like to note here that the resolution is limited to the public expression of hate speech, which means that overly broad definitions of The two of you are both right the a slippery slope argument is a fallacyand all that. And so with the understanding that Im not in disagreement,let me add that I think a modification to slippery slope arguments oftenmakes them plenty reasonable. The fallacy of the argument is that because Xhappens, Z must also happen (often assuming no middle ground- Y- or notrecognizing a step ladder of varying levels and extremes upon which tobuild a rational understanding of whatever the topi c may be). That said, inarguments regarding hate speech, censorship, and the hypothetical effectthese concepts may have on protection of free speech, it doesnt seemunreasonable at all to show how one decision establishes a certainprecident, and that combined with human error and social imperfection, oneprecident may happen to lead to the undesirable outcome of Z, or at least astate of affairs that closely resembles Z. In other words, I think therecan logically be some truth to a similar line of argumentation, so long asit goes beyond pointing out shallow correlations or assuming some ungodlyseries of events will just happen to occur. Sometimes taking a little doesresult in taking a lot, and so on. Proving a link or showing a highprobability of a link is the catch, but such is debate. I found a great book on this.. its called campus Hate speech on trial by It provides arguments on both sides, and substantial evidence 4 both I will admit that the issue of whether accessing such hate speech via theweb constitutes public expression is arguable, but your argument here isthat even posting hate speech doesnt involve public expression. Is thistrue even if the poster is sending this hate speech to a listserv or webciteintending it to be seen by many others?The reason you would maybe even want to bring up the fact that you can use the internet as a type of public expression is to make the affs job harder. If you can prove that the internet can be used as a type of hate speech then that means the aff would have to defend prohibiting hate speech even on the internet on college campuses and thats just more trouble than its worht. Its a little petty but hey whatever wins. Regardless of where servers are located (and it really doesnt matter), Greg was right about why internet speech isnt topical: its avoidable. if you dont like messages, dont visit the web site. hate speech on campus isnt avoidable to those around; theyre forced to hear the hate groups messages and are affected by the speech without their consent. thats why hate I think that if public expression is defined to include the internet,good arguments are made to support this contention, and the judge isconvinced that this is the case, then this demonstrates good debatingskills and there is nothing unfair about it.However, if I was Aff, andI did not want the internet included, then I would use arguments that thisis not how public expression is understood in this context, or at least by most people. You could even point out that it would be *unfair* toinclude the internet in this debate (not that this is true). Who knows,this may be compelling enough for the judge to throw out the internet as* * I think that if public expression is defined to include the internet, **No it isnt because on the internet you have a choice if you want to view it or not. Whereas in public expression you have no choice in your listening. Deforestation Essay* Understand that while almost everyone will run the marketplace of ideas on the negative, that such a justification for freedom of speech is probably weakest in the hate speech context. First, the marketplace of ideas reduces speech to mere instrumental value, rather than intrinsic worth, and exposes the debater to criticism that the link is empirically false Second, the marketplace of ideas rests upon an analogy which may prove tenuous in the campus context. And third, the marketplace of ideas is subject to inherent limitations and restrictions which may encompass hate speech. Know your John Stuart Mill!* Critical race theory is obviously a fertile ground for many advanced affirmatives on this topic. Know the best ways to critique the Enlightenment philosophies and the racist assumptions underlying those philosophies. Dont be afraid to offer a kritik-style position in the round which urges the judge to take a brave stand against racism. * Watch for the paradox: the more entrenched racism is in our society, and thus the worse the harms, the more the negative will contend that the affirmative cant solve for those harms. Be sure to tell why the judges vote matters. A quick online search for hate speech or campus speech codes will turn up literally thousands of web pages. Good luck, and well be back with more in a week. Thats the whole flaw in this resolution. really there is no way to establish hate speech, because what is hate speech to one person is just speech or expression to another person. hate speech, morality they are both subjective which makes the neg so easy but the aff so difficult unless of course you get The slippery slope is a fallacy because it occurs when the conclusion of an argument rests upon an alleged chain reaction and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place. Basically, when someone commits the slippery slope fallacy they depend on the supposition that X causes Y, whereas X probably will not cause Y at all. The link between the premise and conclusion depends on some imagined causal connection that probably doesnt existOk, back out of round. If this debater tells us that we set a dangerousprecedent, OK. If he/she says that we begin to grant authorities too muchpower with regards to our speech (for whatever reason), this is also OK. Ifthe debater argues that one restriction to speech encourages risky actionsamongst those who gots all the megapowers (and then explains), this wouldalso be fantabulicious. The problem stems from the suggestion that there issomehow a direct causal relationship between saying NO to Backstreet Boydeath threats, and saying NO to any other unrelated speech. The debaterassumes a slippery slope from policy A to policy B (which would undoubtedlybe horrid and fascist policy that might lead to nuclear holocaust). that is not true at all. Any speech that makes derogatory generalizationsabout people of particular colors, religions, and whatnot is hate speechto everybody. The Neo Nazis know just as well as everyone else that theirmessage is rooted in hate, and whats more, they are the first to say so,Over the past couple days, Ive finally gotten to do quite a bit of readingon the topic. It seems to me that the aff has quite a burden toovercomehate speech codes on college campuses have in many instances beenrejected because of two key reasons(1) hate speech codes can be viewed asparticularly suspect because they restrict speech due to content. It isparticularly difficult to maintain a strong value of freedom of speech whileallowing the content of the speech to be regulated. Many Supreme Courtjustices, as divergent in political philosophy as William Douglas to AntoninScalia, have written powerfully concerning this, and they make a lot ofsense. (2) many speech codes have also been overturned judici ally because ofoverbreadth and vagueness, two tendencies which seem almostintrinsically linked with any attempt to (a) define exactly what can berestricted because it is overly hateful, or (b) let victimized groups defineI know everybody and their novices will be running critical race theoristson this topic, talking about psychological harm and silencing, etc. Thispretty much means, I think, that if you want to advocate from this position,you also must agree with CRT folks that personal experience and narrativesof the oppressed ought to carry heavy weight in defining what is and isnthate speech. Additionally, most CRT folks recommend that only historicallyoppressed groups ought to be defended from hateful expression. All ofthis, it seems to me, causes great problems in crafting regulations whicharent at once likely to be very subjectively defined as well as verydebatable. Who has been or hasnt been historically oppressed is a matterof considerable difference of opinion. Second, this idea of vagueness can plausibly apply to any restriction. The way that we look at the vagueness of a rule is two-fold: 1) How uncertain or vague is the idea of the law? And 2) How significant is the harm that the restriction is working against? I think that a good aff will cover that ground or at least be able to do so. If we live in a society in which hate speech codes are being considered for college campuses, then it is a given that hate speech exists in other places within the society. Keeping that in mind, all the Neg. would have to prove is that it is better not to shelter the students from the real world. *In my mind, one of the most applicable Supreme Court cases to *regulating speech based upon content is that of Chaplinksy v. New*Hampshire. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the First *Amendment did not protect fighting words.1) Minor point: Has anyone else noticed how often New Hampshire shows up in landmark free speech cases? (In addition to Chaplinsky, one also finds Cox v. New Hampshire 1941, Poulos v. New Hampshire 1953, Wooley v. Maynard 1977this is the case about the Live Free or Die license plates, etc.) Weird. 2) Major point: Chaplinsky was a unanimous 1942 decision, but the court began eroding it almost before the ink was dry. There have been any number of subsequent decisions which all but killed the so-called fighting words doctrine. Take a look at Cohen v. California 1971, for instance, or Gooding v. WilBibliography: