How was the Civil War Driven by the people or the leader of the time Assignment

How was the Civil War Driven by the people or the leader of the time (Mod 4 Disc2) - Assignment Example According to McPherson & Hogue, (2010), the invention of a cotton gin lead to expansion of cotton plantation that lead to demand of more slave labor in the South state, but it brought crisis because the Northern people tried to abolish the slavery or start a system of gradual emancipation to reduce the abuse. The two states agreed to outlaw the importation of slaves from overseas in 1808, the slaves holding state agreed to prohibition on the slave trade because they feared if the afro-Caribbean slaves brought in would bring with them the slave rebellion and cause the conflict between the people. The people of the south state though they agreed with the abolishment of the slave in the plantation, they continued with slaves’ trade to earn income. This was worse because the North state saw it has denial of the people of the human right and dignity in the nation. As the nation expanded westward, it was clear that maintaining the political balance between the two states was difficult, and the leaders were unable to form new measures to solve the problem. The leaders played a part of the war because they compromised between the sections on the issues of abolishment of the slave trade that led to crisis that threatened to disrupt the nation social and economic stability. The leaders had no jurisdiction over the conditions and laws regulating slavery within the individual states, they were unable to address the rapid economic and social changes brought about by the industrial rebellion in the two states (McPherson & Hogue, 2010). The corruption among leaders also contributed to the war because they were torn between the political and social benefit they would get from the implementation of the laws. In conclusion, the civil war was a people and a leader’s war because both would stop the crisis but they did not due to selfish driven

Inflation Management in Sri Lanka Essay Example for Free

Inflation Management in Sri Lanka Essay Amarasekara (2008, p. 37) also concluded that in most sub-samples, inflation does not decline following a contractionary policy shock, possibly due to the longer lag effect. Innovations to money growth raise the interest rate, and when inflation does respond, it reacts to monetary innovations faster than GDP growth does. International Monetary Fund (2008) showed that changes in policy interest rates have significant effects on output but a small impact on inflation. Credit does not respond strongly to changes in policy interest rates. 3. Objectives of the Study The Central bank conducts monetary policy to achieve its one of primary objectives of price stability by changing interest rate and money supply. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to identify the relationship between the interest rate and inflation in Sri Lanka. A successful monetary policy strategy requires an understanding of the relationship between operating instruments of monetary policy (i. e. interest rate) and the ultimate goals like the price stability and output. Therefore, the study will help to identify the effectiveness of policy rates as a monetary policy instrument for inflation management. . Model, Methodology and Data Analysis Model and Methodology A regression model will be used to estimate the effect of key variables on inflation. The main concern of the study is the effect of the interest rate on the inflation. However, the model will be incomplete without including the variables below. This study tries to improve past models done by Sri Lankan economists by including additional macroeconomic variables namely; unemployment (UN), budget deficit (BD) and foreign inflation (FI) to remove any omitt ed variables bias. In this analysis, MMR is used as changes in policy rate are immediately transmitted to MMR. Inflation: According to previous literature, past inflation has an effect on current inflation through expectations. Here the Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI) is used. Exchange rate (ER): Changes in in the exchange rate affects the price of exports and imports in the country, and thus has a direct effect on inflation as Sri Lanka is heavily depend on international trade. GDP growth (GDP): The GDP is seasonally adjusted to capture seasonality. Unemployment (UN): According to the Phillips Curve there is an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation. Foreign Inflation (FI): In 2011, imports accounted for 37. 6% of GDP (CBSL Annual Report 2011) in Sri Lanka, and therefore prices of goods and services of Sri Lanka’s major trading partners can have an influential effect on inflation. Budget Deficit (BD): Most of the past literatures in Sri Lanka have omitted this important variable. However, public finance is an important issue in Sri Lanka and the effect of Monetary Policy cannot be studied without it. Data Collection For this study quarterly data will be obtained for all the variables from the first quarter of 1996 to the last quarter of 2011. The main data sources of the analysis are Annual Reports of CBSL, Monthly Bulletins of CBSL, other publications of CBSL, Annual Reports and Quarterly Reports of the Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka, and the World Bank Report 2011-2012. Analytical Tools The OLS regression model will describe the significance of key variables of the model and the effectiveness of the model in explaining the objective of the study. Apart from the simple OLS regression analysis, various econometric models will be used to obtain outcomes such as unit-root tests, Granger causality tests, impulse response and AR-root tests and Vector auto regression. The Ramsey’s Reset Test will be used for checking functional form mis-specification of the model. The normality of errors and other non-spherical disturbances will be checked using White’s Test (for Heteroskedasticity) and Durbin Watson Test (for serial correlation). The model also will be tested by omitting the interest rate variable and regressing the restricted model using J-Test to determine if the model is very different.

American-made Aliens Essay -- essays research papers fc

A recent, nation wide poll shows that 45 percent of Americans today believe Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO's) have visited Earth in some form (Rhodes 18). The same poll taken in the 1950's shows that under four percent of the US people believed aliens even exist. What could have caused the American people to go from under four percent believing in the existence of UFO's in the 1950's, to almost half today? This question is easily answered when one opens a TV guide or checks the newspaper when deciding what movie to see on a Friday night. With the mass media hype, the ever-increasing movie production, and the millions spent on new merchandise every year, it is not hard to see how so many Americans today have been fooled into believing Aliens exist. Some time during the first week of July 1947, a local New Mexico rancher, Mac Brazel, was on his way out to check his sheep after a long, hard rain and lightning storm the night before. On his way out to the pasture, he noticed a large amount of unusual debris. As he looked closer, he noticed there was a long gouge several hundred feet in the ground with strange, unrecognizable debris all over the area (Missler 54). Brazel gathered a few of the pieces, took them to his neighbors to ask them what they thought it might be, and eventually decided to drive into Roswell, the local town, and show the pieces to the sheriff. The sheriff, George Wilcox, contacted the Roswell Army air field, and began investigating the matter. It wasn't long after, when the military stepped in, sealed off the area for a few days, and gathered all the debris, flying it to a different air field in Dayton, Ohio. Because of the way the military had covered up the findings, and the secrecy involved, it wasn't long before the press got a hold of the incident, and took off with it. Before a week had passed, almost all the locals of that Roswell town were believing that an alien space craft had crash landed in Mac Brazel's pasture, and that the government was stepping in to cover it up. Hundreds of people began stepping forward, claiming that they saw the wreckage, and that they believed themselves that it was the remains of a crashed alien space craft. Because of how hard the Air Force tried to convince the people it was nothing more than a weather balloon that had crash landed due t... ...int that even if these aliens are from another planet, they would still be under our laws of physics. The fact that so many of the reported sightings break our laws of physics, supports the conclusion that the sightings may be UFO's, but have nothing to do with aliens space crafts, or aliens period. Whether or not aliens do exist far, far away, Americans should realize the chance that they have or are currently visiting our planet are nearly impossible, and hasn't been close to proven in any way. This is something the media and pro-alien activists have worked hard at getting us all to believe in. Works Cited Easterbrook, Greg. (1989, February) "Anybody Out There?" Newsday Reprinted in 1998 SIRS Missler, Chuch, and Mark Eastman. Alien Encounters. Coeur d'Alene, Idaho: Koinonia House, 1997 Rhoded, Ron. Alien Obsession. Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House, 1998 "Space Invaders!" The Kansas City Star. [1997, June] reprinted in 1998 SIRS Unnatural Museum Hall of UFO Mysteries. "Hall of UFO Mysteries. [online] Available: http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/ufo.htm

Economics Commentary Essay

The article I have chosen to base my commentary on is â€Å"SpiceJet buys 30 Q400† aircraft from the times of India (website) and the article was published on 30th of august, 2011. As the title suggests the article discusses about the recent acquisition made by SpiceJet of 30 Q400 aircrafts from Bombardier in order to reach out to more of the tier 2 and tier 3 cities in India, where there is a potential demand which has not been yet met entirely. These cities include Aurangabad, Bhopal, Indore, Mangalore, Rajahmundry, Tirupati and Vijayawada also SpiceJet will start operating direct flights to cities that is not easily available such as; from Hyderabad to Goa and Madurai, Nagpur to Pune and Bangalore to Vizag. This plan to improve air connectivity by SpiceJet has given a lot of satisfaction to many people as their travel has been made much more easier for many citizens of India. Also this the first time that any airline in India has bought these new changes and it allows the company to have monopoly, when concerning these particular routes. Through these changes SpiceJet will be able to increase their customer base and reach out to a more niche market that had been previously neglected by them. This improvement in their route and by providing more aircrafts SpiceJet will enable them to increase their supply thus resulting in their prices to decrease (as can be seen on diagram 1). Moreover the Q400 aircrafts are comparatively much more fuel efficient which not only decreases their cost and hence allows them to offer â€Å"affordable journey to the common people† but also improves their public image because it promotes them as being environmental friendly and hence increase their demand thus bringing about an increase in the equilibrium quantity and price as well (as can be seen on diagram 2). Additionally it makes sure that SpiceJet would be less prone to criticism from NGOs or other pressure groups. Q400 is considered to be the â€Å"best short-haul plane† and comparatively is more comfortable than other planes like it. This will increase the demand of this series of aircraft and most probably more of airlines companies would like to buy flights from bombardier these and hence the price would be increased (as can be seen by figure 3). In addition to this The Q400 aircraft due to its comfort would also benefit SpiceJet as more passengers would like to travel through it compared to other airlines thus causing the demand curve to shift upwards and thus allowing the prices to increase even further (as can be seen by figure 4). The Q400 aircraft are not only going to benefit SpiceJet but also millions of people and India as a whole since this would cause a drastic improvement in communications. Also it will set a trend for other airlines to also offer more routes and hence force the prices to go even lower as the competition will increase and the demand would become comparatively elastic (as can be seen by diagram 5).

Women in Law Enforcement

Women in Law Enforcement Essay There are many stereotypes that women in law enforcement field had to face throughout time. Women troubled with being taken serious as a crime fighter, or if a women would ever be allowed to become a police officer, was a question because women are usually viewed from others as too small, weak and gentle to ever be taken serious from the public. In this research paper I will explain the background on women in the law enforcement and how women have the same intelligence, communication, compassion, and diplomacy as a male officer.Having examples from articles and an interview from a women officer will help my thesis on how women can be successful as any male officer. Women have struggled since the early 1800s to have a career with law enforcement so one day hope to succeed and be recognized as a valued part of law enforcement just like their male counterparts. Women dealt with lack of respect, sexual harassment, discrimination.These times were very diffic ult and challenging for female officers not only verbally and emotionally but also because the police department only made uniforms to fit men officers, who made the female officers, look unprofessional and uncomfortable and very hard to do their job, when they could hardly walk in the heavy yet loose-fitting uniforms they wore. â€Å"In the past women had two choices: They could wear a very high-waisted, darted pants pattern from the 1970s or they could wear men's pants,†(Garret).These uniforms make a female’s job even more difficult with the extra weight and fabric bunched inside of their uniform, also caused a delay when reaching for their firearm. The uniforms made their job even more dangerous for females than for male officers. This demonstrates an immense example of how fearless women had to be, known that they were an easier target to take advantage of and was more overlooked from citizens. During World War II women were hired into law enforcement agencies, exc ept most of these women who were hired to auxiliary work.The women that joined the police force during the war helped to assist new men that were employed or couldn’t join the military. Many women worked as dispatchers or clerical workers within the departments. While men officers still had patrol duties and worked as the crime fighters. The women were stuck with any job that a male officer wouldn’t like to do or feel comfortable doing, like helping with children and young women, or talking to families.After the war had ended a new push toward advancing women in the career through integration with the men officers, became more demanding than ever before. The amount of women wanting a career in law enforcement encouraged them to work harder for a higher profession as a career distinct from a social worker and office help to working in the field with the men; starting with patrol ride along. These changes led to greater demands for equal treatment and opportunities for w omen police officers.The 1950s and early 1960s was when women started to double with the number of them working in law enforcement. This was the beginning of a change in policing that would have a dramatic effect on women in law enforcement everywhere. The changes helped women excel with the police force throughout the 70's and 80's. In 1972 the Civil Rights Act Title VII expanded to include public agencies and as a result police departments were prohibited by law from discriminating against women in hiring, recruiting, promotions, and working conditions.The Revenue Sharing Act and the Crime Control Act, both helped women significantly on holding funds from departments that discriminated against. The percentage of women in police agencies from 1960 to around 1980 kept ever-increasing with larger numbers of women joining which brought more opportunities and challenges for them. From 1970 into the early 1990’s women in law enforcement have worked and fought for the same equal j obs of policing as men officers. A few examples would be on patrol, in command positions, and in promoting and recruiting officers. It is clear that the structural changes in the law in the United States have helped to create an increase in the numbers of women in this traditionally male dominated field of police work. In policing, as departments expanded in the early 1970's, a related increase of black and white women police occurred driven by affirmative action practices†(Price). In 1985 Penny Harrington became the first woman to be named Chief of Police for a major city, Portland, Oregon, and in Atlanta, Georgia in 1994 Beverly J. Harvard became the first African American woman to be made Chief of Police for a large city.These accomplishments are a strong testament to the courage and perseverance that women have shown throughout the history of women in policing. Despite the fact that the law enforcement fields are heavily male dominated, woman have been making a large impac t for themselves throughout country. Until the women's liberal movement in the 1970s, women generally had clerical roles or held jobs as dispatchers. Then, civil rights and affirmative action laws enabled women to assume they would have a job in law enforcement.

Resume Tips Part 2 Words and Phrases to Delete from Your Resume

Resume Tips Part 2 Words and Phrases to Delete from Your Resume This is one of my favorite resume tips. It will help you show employers exactly what you did and what you can do for them. Most of us are familiar with the concept of â€Å"power verbs† on a resume. We also have unlimited resources for finding and choosing power verbs, such as  this list organized by category from the University of Iowas Pomerantz Career Center. How many times have you heard, â€Å"Every bullet in a resume should start with a verb? Dozens at least, right? Then why are you starting your bullets with the phrase responsible for? Responsible is not a verb, no matter how many times it shows up on your resume. Furthermore, you can be â€Å"responsible for† something and not actually do it! Employers care about what you did. Employers (or their computer systems at least) also care about keywords. I promise you, â€Å"responsible† or â€Å"responsibility† will never show up in a list of sought-after keywords. Begin with a Power Verb Compare: a. Was responsible for submitting two sports-related blogs per month for publication on website. b. Submitted two sports-related blogs per month for publication on website. And compare: a. Responsible for raising $250,000 by recruiting staff to run door- to-door canvass reaching 200,000 people. b. Raised $250,000 by recruiting staff to run door-to-door canvass reaching 200,000 people. Version b in both cases is shorter and more powerful than version a. You might be there saying, â€Å"But I didn’t just do things, I was responsible for them!† If you had supervisory or managerial responsibilities, there are verbs for that. Some of them are: Supervised Developed Managed Ensured Handled Monitored Even if you had many significant responsibilities that are important to list on your resume, try including your responsibility in a bullet that also includes an achievement, along with the important keywords you see in the job description. And remember to start each bullet with a verb! Be responsible for the words you choose on your resume. I hope you found these resume tips useful. If you want professional assistance to craft a powerful resume, please contact us.

Free Essays on The Nature Of Leadership

There have always been leaders and followers throughout history; the Roman Empire exhibited different styles of leadership. There were five prominent leaders in this period Agricola, Augustus, Julius Caesar, and the brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus. Each of these leaders had their own style of leadership and political strategies. They came to power and maintained control in different ways. They had they own agendas, and their fate rested in the hands of the Roman people. The point to be made with respect to these particular men is related to the obvious correlation between the nature of a leader’s agenda and the impact of his reign. In the end, a ruler’s fate was dependent not on his agenda, but on style and strategy with which he pushed his agenda. These leaders methods were completely altruistic were heralded as great leaders, while those with devious and/or unethical methods of pushing their agendas were hastily assassinated. â€Å"Leaders need to listen to the people they are leading is can affect how people feel.† (Daly) Gnaeus Julius Agricola style of leadership was simple: do the job. If Agricola had a goal, then he simply did the best he could to attain that goal. He was incorruptible and straightforward. He was not devious, nor was he unethical. (Hadas) People loved to see these qualities in a leader, and as a result, they loved Agricola. There was no difficulty about recognizing him as a good man, and one could willingly believe him to be a great man. He had fully attained those true blessings, which depend upon a man’s own character. He held the consulship and bore the decorations of triumph: what more could fortune have added? He had no desire for vast wealth, and he had a handsome future. It is likely that even if he made a decision that was initially looked down upon by the people, the people still knew that Agricola was altruistically making the decisions that he felt were best. (Encyclopedia Britannia) ... Free Essays on The Nature Of Leadership Free Essays on The Nature Of Leadership There have always been leaders and followers throughout history; the Roman Empire exhibited different styles of leadership. There were five prominent leaders in this period Agricola, Augustus, Julius Caesar, and the brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus. Each of these leaders had their own style of leadership and political strategies. They came to power and maintained control in different ways. They had they own agendas, and their fate rested in the hands of the Roman people. The point to be made with respect to these particular men is related to the obvious correlation between the nature of a leader’s agenda and the impact of his reign. In the end, a ruler’s fate was dependent not on his agenda, but on style and strategy with which he pushed his agenda. These leaders methods were completely altruistic were heralded as great leaders, while those with devious and/or unethical methods of pushing their agendas were hastily assassinated. â€Å"Leaders need to listen to the people they are leading is can affect how people feel.† (Daly) Gnaeus Julius Agricola style of leadership was simple: do the job. If Agricola had a goal, then he simply did the best he could to attain that goal. He was incorruptible and straightforward. He was not devious, nor was he unethical. (Hadas) People loved to see these qualities in a leader, and as a result, they loved Agricola. There was no difficulty about recognizing him as a good man, and one could willingly believe him to be a great man. He had fully attained those true blessings, which depend upon a man’s own character. He held the consulship and bore the decorations of triumph: what more could fortune have added? He had no desire for vast wealth, and he had a handsome future. It is likely that even if he made a decision that was initially looked down upon by the people, the people still knew that Agricola was altruistically making the decisions that he felt were best. (Encyclopedia Britannia) ...

How to Organize An Effective Email Marketing Strategy (Template)

How to Organize An Effective Email Marketing Strategy (Template) Managing email marketing successfully isnt easy especially when you have multiple email initiatives going at once. The value of email marketing is undeniable, so its not surprising that many departments within your organization want to leverage the platform. This results in lots of moving pieces to consider and many stakeholders to please. It also increases the chances of accidentally sending multiple emails to the same person in one day. (Speaking from personal experience the fallout of this isnt pretty.) Here are just a few pieces of the puzzle you have to consider Managing your ever-growing subscriber list. Overseeing the design and copy of every email. Scheduling delivery times. A/B testing. Analyzing results. Thats just scratching the surface. One thing is clear, if youre going to be successful at email marketing, you need a well-planned marketing strategy in place. One that clearly establishes goals, and lays out the roadmap to achieve them. Something that can guide your team toward success. And thats exactly what youll get from this post. Heres how to plan your entire #email #marketing strategy via @Download Your Email Marketing Strategy Template Before you continue reading, download your email marketing strategy template. This easy to use PowerPoint will help you document your plan and give the rest of your email team something to refer back to when they have questions. If you're new to , it's the only marketing suite to manage every facet of your marketing. It even integrates with popular email marketing services giving you the ultimate visibility into your email strategy, so you'll never send multiple emails to the same person in one day again. With Email Marketing from , you can: Seamlessly integrate with your favorite email marketing platform. Email platforms are powerful, and you've grown to know and love yours, so why give it up? integrates with many preferred platforms so your email marketing is no longer disjointed from the rest of your marketing initiatives. Write click-worthy email subject lines...every time. ’s awesome Email Subject Line Tester is built right in so you can optimize and perfect every subject line to drive more  opens, more  clicks, and more conversions. Get full visibility into your ENTIRE  marketing strategy. Disjointed marketing content (and constantly jumping from screen to screen) is the worst. With Email Marketing from , all your email campaigns live on your single marketing calendar, giving you ultimate visibility into your marketing strategy and individual initiatives. Create Your Own Email Marketing Strategy in 11 Steps Creating an email marketing strategy doesn’t have to be complicated. The following eleven steps will help you plan your work and work your plan in no time. Table of Contents: Choose Your Email Marketing Tools Identify Your Target Audience Choose List-Building Tactics Create Your Email List Segments Create Email Sending Schedule Define Your Email Marketing Goals Decide Which Types of Emails to Send Formatting Your Email Content How To Optimize Your Emails What A/B Tests Will You Run Reporting Step One: Choose Your Tools Finding the right tools is the first step in your strategy. A lot of these platforms are super powerful and can help you organize and send your emails at the drop of a hat. Email Marketing Tools Some common email marketing tools that you might consider using are: MailChimp Campaign Monitor Constant Contact ActiveCampaign This is a shortlist in a sea of other email tools you could use. Find the tool that fits your team based on what you want to accomplish with your email marketing. Recommended Reading The Best Free Email Marketing Software Tools You Should Use Marketing Automation Tools You might not want to stop at a simple email marketing tool. You may also consider adding a marketing automation tool to your list. Marketing automation makes it easy for you to follow up with customers and send the right email at the right time to subscribers based on how they are interacting with your website. Some email marketing platforms have basic marketing automation features built-in like the option to send birthday email messages automatically, etc. It's worth taking some time to figure out the depths of marketing automation you need and your bandwidth for maintaining automation initiatives. These activities can take a big chunk of time to manage. Potential automation tools to add to your list are: Autopilot:  Autopilot makes it easy to plan out journeys and triggers that send your subscribers emails based on how they interact with your website. Userfox:  Userfox is a small email-focused automation tool that sends emails to subscribers based on events that you put into the system. Userfox was bought by the Adroll Group in 2014. HubSpot:  Hubspot doesn’t have as much email automation functionality as the other two on this list, but it is suited for companies who want to control multiple aspects from one tool. Marketo:  Is a powerful marketing automation tool that is most suitable for enterprise-level marketers. Pardot:  Is a full solution that helps marketers create meaningful connections, generate more pipeline, and empower sales to close more deals. The marketing automation option fits will if you use Salesforce as your CRM. Once you have your tools, add them to the first slide in your email marketing strategy template: Action Items: Research email marketing tools. Compare which ones will work best for your marketing team. Add them to your strategy template.Step Two: Identify Your Target Audience Once you have your tools selected you to need to focus on building your email subscriber list. The first step to build your email list is to identify your target audience. As a refresher: Your target audience is the ideal customer you want to attract to your product or service through your marketing efforts. So how can you find your target audience? First, answer the following questions: Who are our current best customers? What qualities do they have in common? What problem are they experiencing that has our customers search for a solution like our product or service? Why did they purchase our product or service? What did we provide for our customers that our competition didn’t? Is your email marketing strategy focused on your target audience?Using those answers format, your target audience statement with the following template: {Insert your company} creates content to attract {insert target audience} so they can {insert desired outcome} better. Record your target audience demographics and statement in your template. Recommended Reading: How To Find Your Target Audience With A Marketing Persona Step Three: Create Tactics To Use To Get Your Audience To Opt-In To Your Email List Now that you know who your target audience is you can begin to brainstorm tactics that will attract them and convince them to sign up and join your email list. Here are just a few ideas to get you started. Give Them Something Valuable In Return One of the most common ways to get your audience to join your email subscriber list is to gate content upgrades behind an opt-in form. What is valuable to your customers? A downloadable template or ebook that shows them how to solve a problem or answer a question they might be having. If you gate something that doesn’t provide something of value you might end up losing that subscriber. Recommended Reading: Conquer Your Inbound Marketing Strategy with this Process (+ 4 Templates) Go For The Direct Ask Another way to gain subscribers is to go for the direct ask. Explain to them why they should opt into your email list and entice them with personalized information like this pop up from Fargo 3D Printing. Gathering information like this will also help you segment your list. (More on that in a bit): Here's another pop-up example from Nanit encouraging visitors to signup for their newsletter. The company asks for the ages of the visitor's children, which would indicate the company does some segmenting based on developmental stages of the child's age. Use the Header And Footer of Your Website Another place you can put an email opt-in button is on your website’s header and footer. Why not meet your audience halfway and make it easy to remind them that they can get more information about your products by joining your email list? Take a look at this example from Ulta: Here's another example from Michael Hyatt: And another from British Clothing Company, Boohoo. How To Segment Your Email List We mentioned earlier in this section that you can segment your email list. What does that mean and how can that help you? Here's a quick and dirty email segmentation definition: The process of grouping like individuals on an email list based on their behavior or characteristics to send specifically targeted emails that address that particular group of users needs or problems. You can just blast out your emails to everyone on your list and hope that it resonates with someone and convince them to convert. However, in today’s day in age, we can use data and information to go further and serve content to the right people at the right time to help guide them through your marketing funnel. In fact, segmenting your list can have a positive effect on your email list. MailChimp conducted an internal study  and found that segmented campaigns had: 14.31% higher open rates. 100.95% more clicks. 9.37% lower unsubscribe rates than their non-segmented campaigns. You can segment your list  based on a variety of things, including: Company size. Location. Activity on your website. How long they’ve been on your email list. In order to accurately segment your list, you need to gather this data about your customers when they first sign up. So add options for subscribers to choose from before they complete their sign up. List potential ways your team will try and grow your email list in your template as well as your email list segments. Action Items: Brainstorm email list growth strategies. Record strategies in your template. Update strategies every three months based on what’s working well and what isn’t. List out what criteria you will segment your list by. Step Four: Choose the Types of Emails to Send There are many different types of email that you can send to your list. You can choose one or change it up based on the various segments you have in your list. Here are three different types of emails to get started with. Newsletters Newsletters are a popular email format. They come to your subscriber’s inbox at the same time at recurring intervals. They allow you to show them a variety of content and information your subscribers might have missed if they haven’t visited your website lately. According to Hubspot,  successful email newsletters contain 90% educational content and 10% product or promotional content. The same post from Hubspot says newsletters should contain a single theme or idea. That way you can prevent yourself from randomly throwing content into your newsletter just to get it out there. You might even send out different newsletters on different topics based on who you’re sending each newsletter to on your list. So what does an excellent newsletter look like? Take this example from The Skimm: Photo from Hubspot The Skimm newsletter  is specific in the fact that it rounds up the latest news from the day before and quickly summarizes it for readers. It provides the benefit of not having to read long news stories and allows subscribers to quickly catch up on the news from the day before.

Reaction to Persepolis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction to Persepolis - Essay Example Indeed, it discloses social changes in a way which is both praiseworthy and highly innovative. Persepolis is a fiction which is uniquely different in its graphical representation. It is both interesting and funny in its anecdotes. But at the same time, it has been successful in informing the world as to how the religious revolution had impacted the common man. The post monarchy period was a turbulent time for the nation which has been much misunderstood by the rest of the world. Through the book, Satrapi has shown that even during the religious rule, the common man had same aspirations and dreams as of other countries who might be undergoing traumatic socio-political upheaval. Persepolis’ graphics are sharp and text is crisp which succinctly conveys the changes that take place in the country during and after the religious revolution. During the Monarchy, Iran was a modern country where people were free to express themselves. But revolution changes everything overnight and the very people, who used to praise the Shah turn against him. The earlier secular regime was found to be politically corrupt by new government. The friendly police, under religious leadership, suddenly became more menacing. Satrapi’s novel shows these changes and portrays society under Khomeini. It accurately reflects the social changes that had become more distinct in their threatening postures of the revolutionaries and stringent Islamic code of conduct. Most interesting has been her childhood imaginations where she aspires to become the Prophet so that she can make the world better. But she would also rather become soldier so she could defend her country when Iraq had attacked! The author has shown the passionate desire of a child who wants to reform and resolve all the social problems. At one point she says ‘I wanted to be a Prophet because.. my

Palestine and Israel crisis and its effects on U.S. Arab relations Essay

Palestine and Israel crisis and its effects on U.S. Arab relations - Essay Example The role of the United States in the peace process involving the two parties is debated time and again both by the Arabs and the Jews. The Arab countries are especially worried about the American approach and intent. They generally appear to be suspecting a geopolitical encroachment from the powerful American side combined with the interests of Israel. Even faithful American allies like Saudi Arabia and Turkey do not appear to be least contented about the lingering Palestine and Israel crisis and the American role in the peace process. Thesis Statement Palestine and Israel crisis has increased geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and the Arab countries, which has made this issue multilateral and increasingly complex. Effects of the Crisis Involving the Region In general, the international community holds that American policy in this region favors Israel. The military superiority of Israel relative to any plausible coalition of the Arab parties has been primarily maintained through American military assistance.1 Since military power has played a very important role throughout the Palestine and Israel crisis, political geography of the region has been considerably changed. Israel has increased the geographical extent of its political dominion (by annexation of Golan Heights, for example). Also, it has the ability to block and encircle the West Bank and Gaza Strip at utter geographical convenience. Moreover, Israel has strategically erected and shifted Jewish settlements in the region from time to time. Israel has four widely accepted physiological divisions: Northern Coast, Central Hills, Jordan Rift Valley, and Nagev Desert.2 The topography of Palestine is relatively simple; West Bank is landlocked and hilly, while Gaza shows general features of an uneven coastal terrain.3 However, Israel’s stringent security and economic policies in regards of its settlements in West Bank and its control over the Gaza coast has complicated the political geography of th e region. Israel’s regional geo-strategic moves have adversely affected the Arab nations at large. The Arab countries are becoming more and more sensitive about their geographical borders and natural resources, which has pressurized America. America has to provide military support to the countries like Egypt and Jordan, and cautiously position its troops in and around the Arabian Peninsula. Palestine and Israel crisis is antagonizing even the non Arab countries like Iran and Pakistan. In sum, regional geopolitics is becoming very intense in the Middle East and even in South Asia. Effects Involving Mobility Annexation, blockade, settlement, evacuation, and politically motivated demographic alterations have increased the importance of mobility in the context of Palestine and Israel crisis. â€Å"The contrast between Oriental Jews and Israeli Arabs with regard to their different geographical mobility is striking. The Oriental Jews are immigrants who lost contact with their coun tries of origin, whereas the Arabs are natives who resumed ties with their people. The Orientals have a large degree of internal migration, whereas the Arabs almost none.†4 In the course of the Arab – Israeli conflict, Israel saw an influx of Jewish asylum seekers from the Arab countries while Palestinians were turned almost into refugees in their own land and strategically isolated. Moreover, during and after the World War II, thousands of Jews migrated to America and there they eventually formed a very strong socio-political lobby for Israel. This lobby has been strong enough to decide the course of American policies in the Middle East, even beyond

Mentorship program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mentorship program - Research Paper Example Mentors eventually act as informal partners with previous mentees. To foster continuity of collaborative relationship, educational and skills training are maintained in surgical ward, while specifically indicating the significance of scheduled meetings per week for peer and administrative evaluation--be reduced to quarterly meetings. The direct people involved, mentors, mentees, administrative and support personnel, consistently work up the conducive work conditions and modify identified weaknesses with the entire training process. In the long run, stable interactions with higher-ranked colleagues promote the work empowerment for struggling novice nurses (Laschinger, Purdy, & Almost, 2007). Extended in appeal, the efficacy of nurse mentorship program in work competency frequently carries the project beyond the targeted program elimination. In a mentorship program by a tertiary care institution, the project continued for more than two years, indicating its success in hurdling resistan ce of social work cultures and psychological challenges of novice nurses (Hurst & Koplin-Baucum, 2005). More importantly, its low cost expenditure gives this the advantage compared to more expensive retention pursuits. In the evaluation pattern by Mills and Mullins (2008), the institutional savings by the mentorship program reached to almost $5.8 million, a large amount that can be deviated to support quality improvements in other clinical fields. In both technical and financial aspects, the mentorship program more than adequately meets the expectation of nurses and administration staff in JVHA. In realistic terms, reasonable revision must be performed for a more dynamic mentorship approach. In the instance where nurses are assigned in other clinical wards, a problem in continuity of interactive mentor-mentee associations may occur. Hence, the pilot mentorship program must manifest a more universal approach during education and skills enhancement training, consistently depending on the area of clinical expertise required. Addressing the break in mentorship relationship, long-term social and professional interaction in the surgical ward assures that work satisfaction is met and retention is improved. Project Data Dissemination and Feedback In a given utilization project, it is important to relate the results to key institutional groups. Aside from meeting the objects of the project, the applicability of the research goals may serve as solid foundation in entirely resolving the expensive and taxing problem on low retention rates of nurses in clinical areas, even with newly graduate nurses. In this paper, two practical methods can be performed to aptly communicate the preliminary initiation and concluding outcomes of the project--during annual staff meeting and circulating institutional newsletters. With annual staff meeting, the whole nursing personnel gather together to discuss things related with their practice as professionals, airings discrepancies and areas of improvements. Thus, this is the ideal time for the team involved in the mentorship program to inform them on the outline of the project, zeroing on outcomes

Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo Essay

Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo - Essay Example The essay "Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo" discusses modernism through the works of Edward Weston, Tina Modotti and Manuel Alvarez Bravo. Edward Weston’s career in photography lasted for a period of fifty years. He took his last photograph ten years before his death. The rest of his years were spent battling Parkinson’s disease. This artist was quite instrumental in capturing the Modernism era during the twentieth Century. Weston was best known for capturing the real essence of life. Most of his photographs were rather idealistic as he had the ability to bring out the full essence of life using his camera. Weston was particularly fond of using an eight by ten inch camera. This facilitated thorough inspection of life forms and was one of the basic influences on the Modernist era. However, the phase of Modernism cannot be represented by one particular style of photography. As a matter of fact, the same can be said of this particular artist. Weston’s career was not static; it transformed with the times. At the beginning, Weston began with a pastoralist period. However, Mexico changed all this because Weston spent a considerable period of life there. Afterwards, the latter country transformed his work into close images. Mexico made Weston get more interested in life form that included vegetables, landscapes and even nudes. Towards the end of his career, Weston changed his preferences and began doing complex images. Most of the latter pieces were don in California. Modernism as a form of art and photography is based upon the belief that particular objects need not be the main characters. Modernism allows for a number of objects to be used within an art form without making one stand out. This is exactly what Weston did towards the end of his career. This was the point at which Weston made a landmark contribution towards Modernist concepts. Using the influences form Mexico, Weston began making photographs that were fugal and mixed up. These images rarely had one particular subject at hand. He made use of natural objects such as see weeds and Rocks in order to achieve this. One can say that Weston had finally discovered who he really was. It is a known fact that most artists normally struggle with surrounding influences in order to forge their own style. It is indeed very evident that Weston underwent these struggles through the many phase of his career. But he finally discovered his true self after the abandonment of iconic pictures. During the f irst years of his career, Weston was particularly fond of centrality and unification of issues. These were all ideas that he forsook after he started taking more basic images. 2 It is also important to note that one of the outstanding issues in Weston's work was the fact that he seemed to take issue of printing very seriously. During the Modernist era, there was a serious respect for beautifully printed images. This is an aspect that Weston covered critically. For instance most of his prints are quite refined. He considered this aspect as the epitome of his work. Other artists may not be very interested in the printed versions of their work. Most of them may tend to focus on the theme of their work. The latter view is especially prominent in post modernist eras. Weston's manner of photography was unique to his work at that time. However, his methods became very famous later on. He influenced other artists in the Modernism era. For instance, he was one of the first artists to mount his camera on a tripod. He was also instrumental in making most photographers take up the use of large format negatives. Additionally, Weston was instrumental in ensuring that prints were

Balanced scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Balanced scorecard - Essay Example For the charity organization, development of balanced scorecards aids in ensuring that the mission, vision and objectives of the organization are achieved. For this case, the organization runs activities that aim at funding and taking care of children that have difficulties. The organization provides services that enable these organizations to run smoothly and ensure that these students are offered the best in relation to education. The details of this study aim at discussing a balanced score card for the charity organization and the application through which the organization can improve its services and remain focused to enriching these people with learning difficulties with the actual skills they need for everyday life. The details provide a balanced scorecard that the organization relies on to lead its operations. Balanced scorecards aid at eliminating darkness in an organization. Darkness in its operations and creating a clear path for the following of the organization to aid achieve their goals. The development of these targets oriented with annual assessment means has worked to provide the necessary yardstick to measure an organization’s performance. The balanced scorecard also aids in the consideration of the Metric-Driven Incentives that consider focus more on the financial aspects of an organization that range from increasing profits to reducing operational costs. The charity organization runs its activities through the funding obtained from personal budgets. The proceeds from the canteen provide for the smooth running of the services of the company hence providing for the financial needs of the company (McCarthy & Chapman, 2013). Relating to the above, a balanced scorecard relates to a business document that is in the strategic planning and management system for the alignment of business operations with relation to the vision statements and the mission that the

Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo Essay

Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo - Essay Example The essay "Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo" discusses modernism through the works of Edward Weston, Tina Modotti and Manuel Alvarez Bravo. Edward Weston’s career in photography lasted for a period of fifty years. He took his last photograph ten years before his death. The rest of his years were spent battling Parkinson’s disease. This artist was quite instrumental in capturing the Modernism era during the twentieth Century. Weston was best known for capturing the real essence of life. Most of his photographs were rather idealistic as he had the ability to bring out the full essence of life using his camera. Weston was particularly fond of using an eight by ten inch camera. This facilitated thorough inspection of life forms and was one of the basic influences on the Modernist era. However, the phase of Modernism cannot be represented by one particular style of photography. As a matter of fact, the same can be said of this particular artist. Weston’s career was not static; it transformed with the times. At the beginning, Weston began with a pastoralist period. However, Mexico changed all this because Weston spent a considerable period of life there. Afterwards, the latter country transformed his work into close images. Mexico made Weston get more interested in life form that included vegetables, landscapes and even nudes. Towards the end of his career, Weston changed his preferences and began doing complex images. Most of the latter pieces were don in California. Modernism as a form of art and photography is based upon the belief that particular objects need not be the main characters. Modernism allows for a number of objects to be used within an art form without making one stand out. This is exactly what Weston did towards the end of his career. This was the point at which Weston made a landmark contribution towards Modernist concepts. Using the influences form Mexico, Weston began making photographs that were fugal and mixed up. These images rarely had one particular subject at hand. He made use of natural objects such as see weeds and Rocks in order to achieve this. One can say that Weston had finally discovered who he really was. It is a known fact that most artists normally struggle with surrounding influences in order to forge their own style. It is indeed very evident that Weston underwent these struggles through the many phase of his career. But he finally discovered his true self after the abandonment of iconic pictures. During the f irst years of his career, Weston was particularly fond of centrality and unification of issues. These were all ideas that he forsook after he started taking more basic images. 2 It is also important to note that one of the outstanding issues in Weston's work was the fact that he seemed to take issue of printing very seriously. During the Modernist era, there was a serious respect for beautifully printed images. This is an aspect that Weston covered critically. For instance most of his prints are quite refined. He considered this aspect as the epitome of his work. Other artists may not be very interested in the printed versions of their work. Most of them may tend to focus on the theme of their work. The latter view is especially prominent in post modernist eras. Weston's manner of photography was unique to his work at that time. However, his methods became very famous later on. He influenced other artists in the Modernism era. For instance, he was one of the first artists to mount his camera on a tripod. He was also instrumental in making most photographers take up the use of large format negatives. Additionally, Weston was instrumental in ensuring that prints were

Crime Trends in Chicago, IL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Crime Trends in Chicago, IL - Essay Example reported at the time when the total population of the city stood at less than three million; this resulted in a rate of murder of about thirty four percent per one hundred thousand. However, the city started experiencing considerable decrease in the cases of murder from the year 1992, whereby the total murder cases fell to six hundred and forty one in the year 1999. The city has fewer number of cases of murder in the year 2002 even though the rate was still quite higher that some other cities. Chicago crime statistics show a general downward pattern in criminal issues based on the data from eleven years, whereby violent there has been a significant decrease in violent and property crime. On the basis of this trend, we find that the rate of crime in Chicago for the year 2011 has seen a significant fall as compared to 2009. Chicago’s city violent crime in the year 2009 was higher as compared to national rate of violent crime averaged by one hundred and sixty two percent and the rate of city property crime was higher as compared to the rate of national property crime by forty percent (Zhang 129). In the year 2009, the rate of city violent crime in Chicago was higher as compared to the rate of violent crime in Illinois by one hundred and twenty six percent and the rate of city property crime in Chicago was higher compared to the rate of property crime in Illinois by fifty five percent. The rate of crime in Chicago continued its free fall in April, 2011, which marked th e twenty eighth consecutive months that a decline in the violent crime had been reported by the Chicago Police department (Zhang 130). The rate of homicide during the last year was the lowest to be experienced in the city since the year 1965 (Federal Bureau of Investigation 12). However, according to the crime numbers that were reported by the Chicago Police department this year, it appears that the freefall in the rate of homicide is going to continue. There have been about seventeen less homicides

Reflective essay about the guest speaker Essay Example for Free

Reflective essay about the guest speaker Essay I have been given the opportunity to attend one of the guest speaker events to write my reflective essay on. The guest speaker lecture I attended was a woman who had her own wedding company and as years went on she changed it to just focus on wedding cakes, instead of dresses and wedding events etc. The speech was very useful as the business student it gave me a wider knowledge and ideas for the future and I am so glad I attended because when you hear about another person’s journey through their business it helps you to understand more and focus on what’s important. She also spoke about the change in her technique to challenge competitors and blending techniques which she said in her speech â€Å" Niche was to give her clients exactly what they want when there’s conflict within the wedding party â€Å" which you would understand when you are getting married you want everything to go perfectly for your big day and everything to go how you planned it. So making the cakes she had to make sure especially for wedding cakes she always makes sure it is exactly how the clients asked for so there is no conflict and issues as a client it would be devastating seeing a result of the complete opposite of how you wanted the cake to be. It’s always important to keep the clients happy and impressed as it plays a big part in the company and you would want people to leave good and positive reviews and that’s how you build your company. The guest speaker also mentioned the economic climate which is a general characterization of the overall mood of the global economy or of a regional economy, which captures the status of the stock market, the perception of the economy by consumers, and the availability of jobs and credit. Business decisions such as hiring, borrowing, lending, and investment in new initiatives are often strongly influenced by the overall economic climate. The economic climate for her company was sweatshops because they have been a factor in the production of goods around the world for centuries but the globalization of business has led increasing numbers of major corporations to take advantage of low-cost sweatshops labor in developing countries. Recent examples of sweatshop conditions in the garment industry have caused an international outcry by Labour leaders and government officials. This whole situation made the clothing cost less than the retail price of fabric. Also, it all depends on the targe t market on who it is targeting at and in her company she had a lot of people that were size 14 plus. The recessions in the 1990s Were she wasn’t making enough money and it made it difficult for her to hold on to the business, the disposable income reduced as well as the wedding cakes were considered elastic products which meant the sellers and buyers adjust their demand for the good product when the price changes. Also, the guest speaker spoke about the disadvantages that affected her business was the changes in the law 1990 health and hygiene regulations. She spoke how this was a big impact on her business because of changing fashions and finding ways to keep up with the times and the little things count in maintaining a high-quality brand. All these things were really important towards her business because if you don’t follow the rules and regulations it can cause a danger to the company and she could lose it all. The implications of changing environment were keeping up to date with change as it plays a big part when having your own business and you are responsible for following and researching changes in the law. Attending wedding fairs was a chance for her to promote her business and give our business cards and people to get a taste of her company so they knew what the service and goods are if they wanted her for the future upcoming events. Along with that she also mentioned how she had wedding cake competitions which she enjoyed but you have to compete with others so clients come to her and not the other company’s. It was all about having the good product and knowing what the audience love, although it was a competition it was also about learning new techniques from others and others learning from her and how they do their design. She explained how learning from others isn’t always a bad thing, sometimes it’s good for you as if give you more ideas on how to improve and have better skills than what you already have and know.The pricing strategy is also important as she had to access the cost by monitoring the prices of competitions and having the interactions with customers have changed because of the internet where you have social media like Instagram, Facebook or your own business website where people have easy access and can easily contact you via message asking for quick information and you have other people who are already your client s writing feedback which catches other people’s attention as well.She spoke how if it was profitable, and explained that yes the wedding dresses were more profitable as there are the wedding every season of the month and the love of weddings, where every woman wants to look perfect with the perfect wedding dress on the big day. During the guest speaker event, I am so glad to have attended as I have learned many things from the guest speaker speaking about her company. She has motivated on helping me create ideas for what I plan for my future business/career. She also taught me that it is important to be up to date with the rules and regulations and always do research on anything especially when having your own business or if you wish to. You also need to think of contingency measure in different emergency and situations, doing this will make sure the events you hold or the finished product will be carried out smoothly with no conflicts. How I intend to implement ideas gained in the event to boost my future career, is by attending more of the guest speaker events and be involved when there are events going on to help me boost my confidence, doing this I know it will help me to understand more and also because I am studying business in most of my modules it helps me to understand each day. Doing research is r eally important before thinking of having your own business so it gives you a wider knowledge and keeps you aware of the advantages and disadvantages. References What is economic climate? definition and meaning (2017). Available at:  http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/economic-climate.html  (Accessed: 26 November 2017). Sweatshops facts, information, pictures |  Encyclopedia.com  articles about Sweatshops (2017). Available at:  http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/labor/sweatshops(Accessed: 26 November 2017).

Effectiveness of Exercise Programme on Balance Score

Effectiveness of Exercise Programme on Balance Score This chapter deals with the summary and conclusion made from present study. It clarifies the limitations of the study, implications and recommendations given for various areas in nursing practice, nursing education, administration and research. The primary purpose of the intervention is to improve the balance score among elderly people in the age group of 60-80 years. DISCUSSION The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on balance score among elderly people. One group pretest post test (preexperimental design) was adopted for this study. The sample size was 30.All the 30 subjects were participated in the study. On probability purposive sampling was used to select the samples. The researcher conducted the study to assess whether there is any difference in balance score among elderly after the exercise programme. Based on the objectives and hypothesis of the study data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Demographic description of the subjects. According to the age group in the 4groups, majority of the subjects were in the age group of both (71-75) and (76-80) years that were about 30%.23.30% of the subjects belongs to the age group between (60-65)years,16.60% of the subjects were between (66-70) years. Clinical description of the subjects 43.33% of subjects had chronic diseases, 23.30% of subjects were taking medication regularly. The first objective was to assess the balance score among elderly. The berg balance scale shows, the distribution of subjects according to pretest score 36.6% were poor in balance and 63.33% were good in balance. 22.3 were the pretest mean score. Shkuratova,N. et al.,(2004) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of aging on balance control during walking. The study was conducted in gait laboratory in Australia. The design used was two group repeated measures design. Convenient sample of 20 healthy older adults and 20 young subjects were participated. The outcome measures used were gait speed, stride length and double –limb support duration by using foot witch system. Significant interaction between age and balance were measured by ANOVA. By conclusion, the author says that, balance strategies are specific and vary according to age and dual task conditions. Older adults walked more slowly as compared to younger people when turning or performing secondary tasks. Evaluate the effectiveness of exercise programme in improving balance score among elderly. The comparison between the balance score before and after the exercise programme was statistically evaluated by using paired t test.The mean pretest score was 22.3and mean post test score was 39.5.The obtained paired t value was 18.49 which is greater than the table value and it was significant at p Tony pigford et al., (2010) conducted a study to examine the effectiveness of balance training programme on balance control among elderly people with balance impairments. The design used for this study was pre experimental case design. An elderly patient with recent history of falls involved in this study, in subjects who underwent 2 weeks of balance training programme in the form of balance exercises. Pretest and post test outcome measures were recorded by using berg balance scale and activity-specific Balance. In BBS score, the score was increased by 12 points as compaired to pretest. The authors concluded that, the patient shows improvements in balance outcome measures after the exercise programme. Associate the balance scores with selected demographic and clinical variables. The association of balance score using ANOVA with selected demographic and clinical variables shows that, ´F ´ value for age was .865 and there value were not significant at any level. Hence there is no significant association exit between the balance score and the demographic variable. The association of balance score using t test with selected demographic and clinical variables shows that, the calculated ‘t’ value for education,maritalstatus,chronicdiseases,and use of medications were .929,1.357,1.829 and.392 respectively. These values were not significant at any level and there is no significant association exit between the balance scores and demographic and clinical variables. SUMMARY The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on balance score among elderly. It was conducted in St. Thomas old age home at Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore for which the following objectives were formulated. Assess the balance scores among elderly. Evaluate the effectiveness of exercise programme in improving balance scores among elderly. Associate the balance scores with selected demographic and clinical variables. The exercise programme selected as independent variable and significant changes in balance among elderly were considered as dependent variable for this study. The study tested the objectives and hypothesis and there was a highly significant difference in pre and posttest balance scores in subjects who underwent exercise programme. One group pretest post test pre-experimental design was adopted for this study. The sample comprises of total 30 elderly people in the age group of 60-80 years. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. The tool for data collection consists of the demographic and clinical variables of elderly people, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess the balance scores among elderly people during the pre and post test. The study was conducted in St. Thomas old age home at Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore. After the pretest, the researcher involved the study subjects in the exercise programme to improve the balance. Based on the hypothesis and objectives, data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics to document the effectiveness of exercise programme on balance score among elderly. The exercise programme had a significant effect in improving the balance scores, which was assessed through post test.The present study tested and proved the hypothesis MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY The pretest and post test results showed that exercise programme helps to improve the balance scores among elderly. It was an effective intervention to decrease the balance problems among elderly. The calculated mean pretest balance score of elderly was 22.3 and post test balance score was 39.5 In the pretest, 36.6% of elderly people were in poor balance score and 63.33% were in good balance score. In the post test, 50% of elderly people were in good balance score and 50% were in excellent balance score. The obtained paired t test value for balance score was 18.490, which is greater than the table value and was highly significant at (p The association of balance scores with age using ANOVA reveals that the calculated ‘F’ value was .865 and it was statistically not significant at any level, there was no association exit with the balance score and demographic variable. Test with balance score and selected variables had no association. CONCLUSION The following conclusions were drawn from the study. Based on statistical analysis, formulated hypothesis is accepted and evidence supports that, there is a significant improvement in balance scores among elderly after exercise programme. So, exercise programme is an effective intervention in improving the balance score among elderly. IMPLICATIONS Older adults are more prone to get injuries due to physiological and psychological changes, so nurses have an important role to take care of elderly. Fall related injuries are most common among older adults, So effective intervention is necessary for the proper management. NURSING PRACTICE Nursing staffs can explain about the exercise programme, to the older adults and to the family members. Implication of this intervention will develop awareness in staff nurses to take adequate safety measures while taking care of elderly. NURSING EDUCATION Nursing students can learn the different types of balance exercises with the findings of the study and also they can assess the balance impairments among elderly in a good manner. Nurse educators can arrange simulation classes on balance exercise programmes to teach about the types of exercises. NURSING ADMINISTRATION Nursing administrator can teach the staff nurses regarding exercise for elderly, thereby improving standard of nursing care. Nurse administrator, can encourage the staff nurses, to teach the patients about exercises programme. Nurse administrator can conduct in-service education regarding exercise programme. Nurse administrator can make guidelines for exercise programme especially in case of elderly. NURSING RESEARCH The present study provides support to the further studies. The study, favours for evidence based practice. The results of this study can disseminate through the conferences, seminars publication in national and international journals. LIMITATIONS Numbers of samples were limited to 30. The study was limited to females. The study was limited to single setting RECOMMENDATIONS A comparative study can be done with control group. A longitudinal study can be done with large sample size. A quasi-experimental study can be done with more types of exercises. ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on balance score among elderly people. The study was undertaken by RegNo: 301210453 during the year (2013-2014) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in nursing at KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore. Objectives of the study was to assess the balance scores among old age people in the age group of 60-80 years,determine the effectiveness of exercise programme in improving balance scores among elderly, identify the association between the balance scores with selected demographic and clinical variables. The study was conducted in St. Thomas old age home, at Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore. Conceptual frame work adopted for this study was based on Ernestine, Wiedenbach’s theory (1970). The research design used for this study was one group pretest post test design. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples and the sample size of the study was 30. Pretest balance score of the study subjects were collected using a standardized scale (berg balance scale) from elderly in the age group of 60-80 years who were staying in St. Thomas old age home at Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore. Then study subjects were given, the recommended exercise programme and the post test score was done at the end of the intervention. The findings of the study revealed that exerciseprogramme was effective to improve the balance scores among elderly.

The Modernization of America Essay -- essays papers

The Modernization of America The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869. The telephone was invented in 1876. The first practical system for a radio was developed in 1895. The Wright brothers created a flying machine in 1903. The first gas powered automobile, the assembly line and the refrigerator were produced in the early 20th century. These are all very important steps in laying the foundation for the modernization of America, but I would argue that the first truly modern period in American history would have to be the 1920s. The 1920s brought a capitalistic population who, as a nation, leaned toward isolationism. In two main fields, the 1920s modernized American society to reflect the America of the 21st century more than any era before it. These fields are media and business. Along with a new decade came a new attitude from the media. By 1922 there were 22 magazines in circulation and by the end of the 1920s, 40% of Americans owned a radio. The first tabloid magazine appeared in 1919. The media that we know today spawned from this growth in the 20s. This new type of mass media permitted the spreading of national trends or obsessions, such as flagpole sitting. A 21st century equivalent to this type of rather bizarre behavior of national trends could be the Christmas â€Å"Tickle me Elmo† or â€Å"Furby† craze over the last few years. The national connection that the mass media provided also allowed for fashion to become important and for heroes in th...

Special Children’s Necessities and Managements

The term, sprecial-needs children is defined as children whose developmental and/or behavior requires help or intervention beyond the scope of the ordinary classroom or adult interactions. About 15 to 20 percent of all children in the United States will exhibit some form of atypicall development and need special services (Bee, 1995). These children include children with learning disabilities (LD), Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Down Syndrome children, physically and mentally disabled children and gifted children. Children with learning disabilities may have poor memory skills, trouble following directions, eye-hand cordination problems and trouble with distinguishing between letters, numbers and sounds. There is no scientific explanation why children have learning disabilities, but some experts believe the cause may be due to slight brain damage. ADHD affects up to 5 percent of children up to the age of 18(Walls, 1994. When hyperactivity components are not present, it is diagnosed as Attention Deficit Disorder, or ADD. Children with ADHD are prone to restlessness, anxiety, short attention spans and impulsiveness. They have trouble listening, remaining seated, interacting with other people and are easily distracted. A child with ADHD will show extreme symptoms, usually before the age of 7. The most common medication for children with ADHD is an amphetamine called Ritalin, which produces a paradoxical effect. The speed stimulates the cerebral cortex, allowing the brain to manage incoming sensory information efficently. Ritalin is very controversial since the side effects can be quite serious, such as inhibiting growth. Down Syndrome is one of the most common and easily determined forms of mental retardiation. It affects 1 in 100 births among women under the age of 35 and 5 per 100 of woman over 40. Down Syndrome, formerly called mongolism, is caused by a chromosal abnomality. The affected individual has 47 chromosomes in all body cells instead of the normal 46. There is no treatment for Down Syndrome, but better medical care, which has resulted in an almost normal life span compared to the previous life expectancy of 14 years. A disabled child is a child with physical, mental or sensory impairment that makes performing everyday tasks more difficult. In the early 1980's, it was estimated that 9 to 10 percent of the United States population was diabled in some way. Until the second half of the 20th century, it was rare to find simple recognition that aside from the specific diability, disabled children have the same needs, interest and abilities as mainstream children. In schooling, the federal law now gurantees a free fit education to all handicapped children, regardless of the severity of their handicap. Gifted children are children who have unusually high intelligence. They generally have long attention spans, learn quickly, good memories and have a wider range of vocabulary thatn their peers. Gifted children usually tend to be bored with activities based for children their own age. Children who score between 130-150 on the standard IQ tests have traditionally been classified as gifted. These children come from all social, economic and ethnic backgrounds. There are many concerns that the majority of these children are being overlooked, since a lot of them are not given the same opportunities, attention and support as the child who is raised in the â€Å"All-American Family†.

Industrial relations in European Union

The European Economic Council ( EEC ) which is now known as the European Union was established in the mid twentieth century as a consequence of the Treaty of Rome. It was set up after the World War II and it seeks to guarantee peace and betterment among member provinces. The European Union has some establishments that help in the transporting out its maps. These establishments include the Parliament, Council, Commission, Court of Justice and Central Bank. The European Union comprises of 27 member provinces which include Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands at its beginning in 1951. United Kingdom, Denmark and Ireland besides joined in 1973 because of the success of the European Economic Commission. Other states to fall in were Greece ( 1981 ) , Spain and Portugal ( 1986 ) , Austria, Sweden and Finland ( 1995 ) . Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovenia, Cyprus and Malta besides joined in 2004 while Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 ( EUROPA, 2009 ) . European integrating sought to better trade and investing every bit good as remove people barriers among its member provinces ( Hall and Marginson, 2005 ) . Each member province has ballots for the Council and seats in the European Parliament depending on its size. Since the 1980s, the European Union ‘s determination devising procedure has become a multi-level one which involves the different stakeholders on the determinations to be made ( Hooghe and Marks, 2001 ) . Multi-level administration believes that the province does non hold full control over regional degree policy devising. Decision devising is jointly made by histrions at different degrees in the supra-national establishments ( Hooghe and Marks, 2001 ) . This paper seeks to look into the European Union to see how it patterns multi-level administration looking at its methods of operation, and its establishment like the European Commission and the European Works Councils. It besides looks at the European Union to see what occurred before multi-level administration and the different types of multi-level administration. Before the coming of multi-level administration, the European Union was said to be based on state-centric administration which believes that European integrating does non restrict but instead strengthens the power of each member province ( Hooghe and Marks, 2001 ) . It is believed that since the integrating is driven by dickering among member provinces, no authorities is forced to make more than it wishes because dickering provides the lowest benchmark of operation. They see national authoritiess as autonomous determination shapers giving small authorization to the European Union to accomplish policy ends. Member provinces are seen as the bench because they determine whether or non the policies decided upon are implemented in the provinces. Multi-level administration is nevertheless, now seen as prevalent in the European Union in the sense that the Union ensures that authorization and decision-making are shared among the â€Å" sub-national, national and supra-national † degre es of authorities with the parts being the sub-national, the provinces the national and the European Union being the supranational degrees of authorities ( Hooghe and Marks, 2001 ) . Bache ( 2008 ) besides sees multi-level administration as an emerging tendency which was made to counter the state-centric position of the European Union between the 1960s and the eightiess. He stated that multi-level administration does non contend the major function of the authorities in member provinces in the decision- devising of the European Union but instead sees them as the most of import. In 2004, Bache and Flinders stated that there are two major types of multilevel administration, the Type I and the Type II. The foundation of the type I multi-level administration is seen to be federalism where the powers for decision-making are shared among the different stakeholders with power apportioned in hierarchal order – the parts holding less power than the state province, the state province ho lding less power than the Union and the European Union holding the highest signifier of authorization. They besides believe that the country of control of the parties involved does non overlap. Type I multi-level administration besides wants to cover all the facets of the European Union rank understanding. Type II multi-level administration on the other manus, sees the function of members as inter-related and inter-dependent. There is no hierarchy to legal power as it assumes that authorization is about equally shared between the Union and its members. The design is flexible because the understanding is seen to cover merely specific parts of the Union ‘s understanding and non in item, all facets of rank. Each degree of legal power has peculiar undertakings assigned to it ( Bache and Flinders, 2004 ) . The European Union is hence seen to rehearse type II multi-level administration because it is believed that no 1 has absolute power, but determinations are made with all members come together to dialogue ( Bache, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Samecki, European Union coherence policy is based on different degrees of partnership affecting the Union, its member provinces and the parts. The policy considers different fortunes and develops schemes that will enable the policy to work better and more efficaciously in each district. The Lisbon Treaty seeks regional and local co-operation among the Union ‘s member provinces. Bachtler and Yuill ( 2001 ) stated that since the origin of the Union, the focal point of its regional policies has been a narrow one aimed at commanding economic activities through industrial ordinances. Business AIDSs and substructure were the signifiers of aid provided by the Union and the criterion of operation was top-to-bottom. Decisions that concerned policies such as design and bringing were taken by the cardinal authorities. Demand was what drove the policies and made them proactive. By the 1980s, the policy focal point was changed and placed accent on liberalization, deregulating and denationalization of markets. Regional brotherhood was encouraged in order to cut down economic disparities. There was a displacement from the top-to-bottom attack to the bottom-to-top ( soft touch ) as member provinces could develop and implement their policies to cover with turning economic affairs. From the mid-1980s, regional growing was seen to be caused by betterment in originality which was through acquisition and interaction. Trade, labor and capital barriers were besides removed and Foreign Direct Investment was apparent. By 1988, regional strategic planning was seen, with each part fixing its program and later showing same to the European Union. These programs were carried out through local and regional partnerships ( Bachtler and Yuill, 2001 ) . Local and regional partnerships could besides be said to intend multi-level administration. Multi-level administration strengthens the democratic dimension of the European Union and increases the competency of its procedures. The Committee of Regions in the European Union considers multi-level administration to intend coordinated action. The focal point on administration in the European Union includes the rule of flexibleness and legitimacy. The image of the European Union encompasses its member provinces as there is truly no difference between national, regional ( European Union ) and international alteration drivers ( Kohler-Koch cited in Bache 2008 ) . The European Union takes off the power of liberty from the province by leting corporate decision-making among province authoritiess through assorted European establishments ( Hooghe and Marks, 2001 ) . Vertical associations in the European Union, chiefly in Britain were seen in the Restoration of the English grade between 1987 and 1997 ( Bache, 2008 ) . In these times, structural financess constricted the â€Å" standard parts † as the official boundaries for the English regional dimension through the incorporate Government Offices ( GOs ) . Horizontal multi-level administration besides deals with corporate decision-making among member provinces and it besides encourages partnership as a manner of administration by supplying fiscal inducements for major histrions. The European Union ‘s policy coherence has mobilised stakeholders by supplying information every bit good as act uponing processs below the regional degree bring forthing a perpendicular consequence that streng thens the regional degree by supplying regional control ( Bache, 2008 ) . The European Commission has used different schemes to advance the coherence policy although these policies themselves do non alter in signifier ( Bache, 2008 ) . The European Commission is the civil service or administrative organic structure of the European Union. It is the decision-making arm of the Union and its place is in Brussels. The Commission is responsible for guaranting that the involvement of the Union is put above the involvement of single member provinces. It encourages societal spouses ‘ engagement in policy development. In 2006, the European Commission wanted to cut down unemployment among its member provinces every bit good as surrogate growing. This determination was made with peculiar focal point on research and development and to guarantee best patterns among member provinces and societal security ( EUROPA, 2009 ) . The Commission has the duty of urging new Torahs in the Union, while the Parliament and Council seek to guarantee the acceptance of these Torahs. On September 22, 1994, the Council of Ministers agreed to the European Works Council Directive ( EWC Directive ) and it was passed in the national statute law by September 22, 1996. An employer is obligated to set up a European Workers Council if the employer provides work for a lower limit of a 1000 employees within member provinces and at least one hundred and 50 employees in each of two member provinces ( FEDEE, 2009 ) . The company must react within six months to a documented petition from at least 100 employees or their representatives in at least two constitutions in at least two member states. A ‘special negotiating organic structure ‘ ( SNB ) will be set up. It will hold between three and 17 members. All member provinces where the concern has employees must be represented by at least one member. Simple bulk will be used to find the result of the vote. Management will in a written understanding with the Particular Negotiating Body determine the capacity, work, maps , and proviso of office of the European Works Council ( FEDEE, 2009 ) . The Particular Negotiating Body may be helped by other people and administrations and may besides make up one's mind, by two-thirds bulk, to halt dialogues. Financial duties for the dialogue between the Special Negotiating Body and the direction are borne by the latter. The direction and the Particular Negotiating Body will run into in order to make an understanding on how the Works Council will run. Workers involvement must be reflected in the meeting. If direction fails to take action in response to a legitimate petition within six months, or both parties are unable to wrap up an understanding within three old ages from the day of the month of the petition, a default contract which will be set out in an extension to the Directive shall use. The European Works Council ( EWC ) is to be used by Europe to rehearse planetary unionism ( Blapain and Dickens, 2008 ) among Multi-national Corporations. This Council seeks to increase international commonalty among its member provinces every bit good as addition the range of labor and employment ordinances. The European Works Council seeks non merely to supply information to the employees of big trans-border administrations but besides to see if European ordinances are followed in the administration every bit good as the impact on the international employees. Under the European Works Council, it is likely for direction to keep back some critical information which if discussed would damage the operation of the endeavor concerned. The Particular Negotiating Body is dissolved after the Works Council is formed. In states like Germany and the Netherlands, the Works Council are statutory commissariats by jurisprudence and the determine employee rights refering some issues while the United Kingdom is yet to subscribe the European Works Council Directive into jurisprudence. The European Works Council is hence seen as an avenue for corporate bargaining between the employers and the employees as they are the two societal spouses involved in decision-making in that administration. It will make an avenue for the staff in the United Kingdom particularly, to hold the legal right to be up to day of the month and discuss affairs refering to concern and employment dealingss if they so desire ( Marchingt on and Wilkinson, 2008 ) . The European societal theoretical account involves societal spouses in the development of policies and initiates societal duologue at the European Union degree. Social duologue, harmonizing to the European Commission ( 2002 ) is the driving force behind successful economic and societal activities. Social duologue at the Union degree got to its extremum with the debut of the â€Å" dialogue path † into the Maastricht societal chapter which enables the Commission to do directives in the signifier of adhering ordinances out of the understanding reached among societal spouses. Since the 1980s, the European Commission observed that the development of European Industrial Relations required â€Å" strong and capable societal spouses † and societal duologue was thereby used together with other directives to accomplish this end ( EC 1988:88-89 cited in Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . Social duologue was seen as really of import because it helps the European Union in construc ting its establishments and is besides seen as a possible joint regulative process ( Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . There are two types of societal duologue understanding – the dialogue path and the independent understanding ( EUROPA, 2009 ) . The dialogue path involves the European Commission confer withing with the societal spouses on subjects and issues that need to be discussed in order to make a common land. If these societal spouses agree, so their determinations are adhering but if they fail to hold, the concerned establishment ( s ) intervene based on the European Union ‘s directives ( EC 2002a: 17 and EC 2004 cited in Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . Different understandings have been reached at different times, they include parental leave ( 1995 ) , fixed term contract ( 1999 ) , nomadic working in civil air power ( 2000 ) , ( Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . Autonomous understanding on the other manus, involves determinations being made with the Commission ‘s invasion and are carried out by co-operative understanding or Council determination requested by societa l spouses ( EC 2003 cited in Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . Examples include tele-work ( 2002 ) and work related emphasis ( 2004 ) . Marginson and Sission ( 2006 ) stated that the European Union purely adhered to the impression of corporate bargaining. Corporate bargaining could take topographic point with one employer, different employers in the same industry or across the different industries within the state or brotherhood. It can besides take topographic point with the trade brotherhood entirely, trade brotherhoods and authorities and with the plants council or groups. It can cover with different issues runing from rewards, restructuring of the administration, employment state of affairss among others. Corporate bargaining can assist the employers every bit good as other stakeholders of the administration to make understandings about the assorted issues that affect them ( Marginson and Sission, 2006:55 ) . Corporate bargaining is besides seen to assist set up the manner cer tain issues that pertain to industrial dealingss should be handled such that there is sensible benefit to all the spouses in the society. Corporate bargaining besides helps in transporting out understandings that have been reached by the spouses ; illustration is the 1993 Working Time Directive ( Marginson and Sission, 2006:57 ) . European Employment Strategy ( EES ) makes usage of the engagement of societal spouses as they are considered of import to governance. Member provinces are expected to guarantee good disposal of employment policies every bit good as wide partnership for alteration by the meeting together of parliamentary organic structures and stakeholders. ( Council 2005a: 23 cited in Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . Soft ordinance is now in pattern to back up the result of the cross-sector societal duologue even with new possibilities of dialogue envisaged by the Maastricht Treaty. The European policy is based on a theoretical account of a European public assistance p rovince where societal policy is seen as portion of economic policy. The Open Method of Co-ordination ( OMC ) got its derivation from the Lisbon European Council but before so it occurred in other council meetings like the Luxembourg, Cardiff and Cologne where different policy enterprises started. ( Hodson and Mahner, 2001 ) . It entails mark scene and sees societal duologue as a end affecting marks across a scope of indexs. Social duologue is now seen as a signifier of managerialism ( Cutler and Waine, 2000 cited in Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . Social spouses sometimes give response to guidelines ( EC, 2002a: 14-15 cited in Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . In the Open Method of Coordination, societal spouses in each member province provide advice, consult and negotiate on the assorted avenues that can be used to make labour market marks. The Luxembourg procedure made the proviso of the Employment Chapter of the Treaty. It was made to further efficiency in the labor market by supplying equal chances, doing both sides of the industry adaptabl e, encouraging entrepreneurship and bettering employability. ( Hodson and Maher, 2001 ) . The procedure begins with the European Council following â€Å" employment guidelines † that shows the employment policy ‘s precedences. Each member province will do its ain National Action Plan on how it aims to prosecute the guidelines. The Commission and the Council will so look into the programs and base on balls recommendations where necessary on the public presentation of each member province ( Hodson and Maher, 2001 ) . In Denmark, Belgium and Ireland, all societal spouses are involved in the procedures and process for decision-making with peculiar mention to the issues that relate to them while in some other states like Spain and Greece, merely some societal spouses are involved, for illustration the Employers ‘ Confederation ( Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . The Lisbon Council defined the Open Method of Co-ordination as utilizing cosmopolitan benchmarks and doing European Union guidelines unique to the states and parts by taking the differences between member provinces into history in order to supervise, measure and reexamine states ‘ public presentation on a regular footing ( Council 2000: parity 1:1837 cited in Gold, Cressey and Leonard, 2007 ) . In decision, the European industrial dealingss will non wholly wipe out industrial dealingss in the member provinces but instead, it will go on to develop ( Streek, 1998 ) . The different organizational constructions that exist between the European Union and its member provinces will still go on to be as the European Union does non hold full authorization over the financial and pecuniary policies of its member provinces ( Streek, 1998 ) . Multi-level administration can hence be seen to be in employment dealingss to the extent that merely some societal spouses in the employment relationship like the European Works Council, the Employer Organisations and other European Trade Unions are involved in some determinations made about the Union. The states besides play a important function because states like Germany France and the Netherlands have embraced quite a figure of the European Union ‘s Directives and have improved on them doing their industrial dealingss policies better than states like the United Kingdom which follows merely the barest minimal criterion of the European Union ‘s Directives. The Working Time Directive for illustration was signed by the European Union in 1993 but was non implemented in Britain boulder clay 1997 and besides, the issue of the European Works Council which will non be implemented till April 2010. However, Samecki ( 2009 ) suggests that since the European Union wants to accomplish promotion, multi-level administration should make the grassroots so that single citizens would be encouraged to acquire involved. Multi-level administration is progressively being seen to capture the shifting and unsure forms of administration in the European Union.MentionsBache I. And Flinders M. ( 2004 ) , Multilevel Governance ( ed. ) , Oxford University Press, New York.Bache I. ( 2008 ) , Europeanization and Multilevel Governance: Empirical Findingss and Conceptual Challenges, University of Oslo, April 15, 2008, Arena Centre for European St udies, .Bachtler J. and Yuill D. 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Conference on Multilevel Governance in European Commission. SPEECH/09/417